The AT89C51 is an 8-bit microcontroller developed by Atmel (now part of Microchip Technology), based on the Intel 8051 architecture. It features 4KB of Flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM), 128 bytes of internal RAM, and operates at a clock frequency of up to 24 MHz. This microcontroller includes 32 programmable I/O lines, two 16-bit timers/counters, a full-duplex UART for serial communication, and five interrupt sources. Housed in a 40-pin Dual In-line Package (DIP), the AT89C51 is ideal for embedded system applications, including control systems, consumer electronics, and educational development boards. It supports standard 8051 instruction sets and is compatible with most 8051 development tools and compilers.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Core Architecture | 8051 Compatible |
| Program Memory (Flash) | 4KB |
| RAM (Internal) | 128 Bytes |
| Clock Frequency | Up to 24 MHz |
| Operating Voltage | 4.0V – 5.5V |
| I/O Pins | 32 (4 Ports: P0, P1, P2, P3) |
| Timers/Counters | 2 × 16-bit Timers/Counters |
| Interrupts | 5 Sources, 2 Priority Levels |
| Serial Communication | Full-duplex UART |
| Instruction Set | Standard 8051 Instruction Set |
| Package Type | DIP-40 (Also available in PLCC and other packages) |
| EEPROM/EPROM Support | Flash Memory (In-System Programmable) |
| Power Consumption | Low-power operation supported via Idle and Power-down modes |
| Programming Interface | Parallel Programming |
| Oscillator Type | External Crystal or Clock Source |
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